Goto

Collaborating Authors

 Oakton


Adaptive EEG-based stroke diagnosis with a GRU-TCN classifier and deep Q-learning thresholding

Abdulkareem, Shakeel, Yimenicioglu, Bora, Uppalapati, Khartik, Gudipati, Aneesh, Eftekhari, Adan, Yassin, Saleh

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Rapid triage of suspected stroke needs accurate, bedside-deployable tools; EEG is promising but underused at first contact. We present an adaptive multitask EEG classifier that converts 32-channel signals to power spectral density features (Welch), uses a recurrent-convolutional network (GRU-TCN) to predict stroke type (healthy, ischemic, hemorrhagic), hemispheric lateralization, and severity, and applies a deep Q-network (DQN) to tune decision thresholds in real time. Using a patient-wise split of the UCLH Stroke EIT/EEG data set (44 recordings; about 26 acute stroke, 10 controls), the primary outcome was stroke-type performance; secondary outcomes were severity and lateralization. The baseline GRU-TCN reached 89.3% accuracy (F1 92.8%) for stroke type, about 96.9% (F1 95.9%) for severity, and about 96.7% (F1 97.4%) for lateralization. With DQN threshold adaptation, stroke-type accuracy increased to about 98.0% (F1 97.7%). We also tested robustness on an independent, low-density EEG cohort (ZJU4H) and report paired patient-level statistics. Analyses follow STARD 2015 guidance for diagnostic accuracy studies (index test: GRU-TCN+DQN; reference standard: radiology/clinical diagnosis; patient-wise evaluation). Adaptive thresholding shifts the operating point to clinically preferred sensitivity-specificity trade-offs, while integrated scalp-map and spectral visualizations support interpretability.


TinyViT-Batten: Few-Shot Vision Transformer with Explainable Attention for Early Batten-Disease Detection on Pediatric MRI

Uppalapati, Khartik, Yimenicioglu, Bora, Abdulkareem, Shakeel, Eftekhari, Adan, Uppalapati, Bhavya, Kamath, Viraj

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

-- Batten disease (neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis) is a rare pediatric neurodegenerative disorder whose early MRI signs are subtle and often missed. We propose TinyViT-Batten, a few-shot Vision Transformer (ViT) framework to detect early Batten disease from pediatric brain MRI with limited training cases. Our model achieves high accuracy ( 91%) and area under ROC 0.95 on a multi-site dataset of 79 genetically confirmed Batten-disease MRIs (27 CLN3 from the Hochstein natural-history study, 32 CLN2 from an international longitudinal cohort, 12 early-manifestation CLN2 cases reported by Çokal et al., and 8 public Radiopaedia scans) together with 90 age-matched controls, outperforming a 3D-ResNet and Swin-Tiny baseline. We further integrate Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) to highlight disease-relevant brain regions, enabling explainable predictions. The model ' s small size and strong performance (sensitivity >90%, specificity 90%), demonstrates a practical AI solution for early Batten disease detection. Batten disease, or neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL), comprises a group of rare lysosomal storage disorders that cause progressive neurodegeneration in children [1]. Early signs on brain MRI can include subtle cerebral and cerebellar atrophy and faint white-matter signal changes. However, these findings are often non-specific and easily overlooked [1]. Early detection of Batten disease is critical--recently an enzyme replacement therapy was approved for CLN2 (late-infantile NCL) [3] and gene therapies for other subtypes are in trials.


What's Next in CT Technology

#artificialintelligence

Systems continue to evolve and expand in ways that benefit radiologists, providers, and patients. CT imaging in the emergency department (ED) is increasing rapidly. In fact, it now comprises more than 35% of all CT procedures in the United States. Today's CT scanners include technological developments that enable customers to better manage patient care, including lung cancer screening, dose guidance and regulation, spectral and multienergy imaging, and expansion of cardiac and brain imaging. These scanners and solutions also provide new levels of information to help clinicians make a more confident diagnosis at low dose, without increasing complexity in their routines.


Neural Network Implementation Approaches for the Connection Machine

Jr., Nathan H. Brown

Neural Information Processing Systems

Two approaches are described which allow parallel computation of a model's nonlinear functions, parallel modification of a model's weights, and parallel propagation of a model's activation and error. Each approach also allows a model's interconnect structure to be physically dynamic. A Hopfield model is implemented with each approach at six sizes over the same number of CM processors to provide a performance comparison. INTRODUCflON Simulations of neural network models on digital computers perform various computations by applying linear or nonlinear functions, defined in a program, to weighted sums of integer or real numbers retrieved and stored by array reference. The numerical values are model dependent parameters like time averaged spiking frequency (activation), synaptic efficacy (weight), the error in error back propagation models, and computational temperature in thermodynamic models. The interconnect structure of a particular model is implied by indexing relationships between arrays defined in a program. On the Connection Machine (CM), these relationships are expressed in hardware processors interconnected by a 16-dimensional hypercube communication network. Mappings are constructed to defme higher dimensional interconnectivity between processors on top of the fundamental geometry of the communication network.


Neural Network Implementation Approaches for the Connection Machine

Jr., Nathan H. Brown

Neural Information Processing Systems

Two approaches are described which allow parallel computation of a model's nonlinear functions, parallel modification of a model's weights, and parallel propagation of a model's activation and error. Each approach also allows a model's interconnect structure to be physically dynamic. A Hopfield model is implemented with each approach at six sizes over the same number of CM processors to provide a performance comparison. INTRODUCflON Simulations of neural network models on digital computers perform various computations by applying linear or nonlinear functions, defined in a program, to weighted sums of integer or real numbers retrieved and stored by array reference. The numerical values are model dependent parameters like time averaged spiking frequency (activation), synaptic efficacy (weight), the error in error back propagation models, and computational temperature in thermodynamic models. The interconnect structure of a particular model is implied by indexing relationships between arrays defined in a program. On the Connection Machine (CM), these relationships are expressed in hardware processors interconnected by a 16-dimensional hypercube communication network. Mappings are constructed to defme higher dimensional interconnectivity between processors on top of the fundamental geometry of the communication network.


Neural Network Implementation Approaches for the Connection Machine

Jr., Nathan H. Brown

Neural Information Processing Systems

Two approaches are described which allow parallel computation of a model's nonlinear functions, parallel modification of a model's weights, and parallel propagation of a model's activation and error. Each approach also allows a model's interconnect structure to be physically dynamic. A Hopfield model is implemented with each approach at six sizes over the same number of CM processors to provide a performance comparison. INTRODUCflON Simulations of neural network models on digital computers perform various computations by applying linear or nonlinear functions, defined in a program, to weighted sums of integer or real numbers retrieved and stored by array reference. The numerical values are model dependent parameters like time averaged spiking frequency (activation), synaptic efficacy (weight), the error in error back propagation models, and computational temperature in thermodynamic models. The interconnect structure of a particular model is implied by indexing relationships between arrays defined in a program. On the Connection Machine (CM), these relationships are expressed in hardware processors interconnected by a 16-dimensional hypercube communication network. Mappings are constructed to defme higher dimensional interconnectivity between processors on top of the fundamental geometry of the communication network.